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The fastest vertical bow out there is slower in speed than your crossbow and people shoot deer past 40 yards with vertical bows everyday during the season. I don't shoot a crossbow but I think, generally speaking, they shed energy quicker than a vertical bow. Deer are thinned skinned and not that hard to kill, if hit in them in the right spot.

In the midwest where I hunt, most people I know have a pin out to 50 yards. Some people just practice out to this distance, while others will take shots at this distance. If the shot is clear and the wind is calm, I will shoot at this distance, because I can hit my target at this distance.

My longest compound archery kill was laser range finder verified at 48 yards, shooting a modern compound that shot a hunting weight arrow and broadhead at 260 FPS, out of the bow. At that distance I have no idea how fast my arrow was going at impact. I did not get a pass thru, but my arrow buried up to the fletching and the deer ran about 25 yards.

So can it be done. I surely think so, Should it be done, that solely depends on you and our skill level. You are wise to place a maximum distance that you will shoot, as the deer or other game deserve your best. As hunters, people are watching and we need to put are best foot forward. Practice and have faith in your equipment.
 
"Can a crossbow with 340fps shoot a deer at 40 yards ethically?"

With your crossbow can you reliably hit a deer in the sweet spot @ 40 yds? That's the main question.

Yeah that crossbow will do the job if it's decently tuned with quality broadheads.
 
i would use a least a 400 grain arrow for many reasons.
and good fixed blade head like Slik tric or 150 grain Ramcat .
Idk some curve shooters can tell u the best head

once i go to extended ranges i like real fast flat shooting bow that can easily go through shoulder blades or ribs. Rediclus amounts of Ke are nice to have in the even extremely unlikely event someone makes a bad shot.
 
I took this elk at 40 yards with a PSE compound that I don’t think shot much over 260 fps or so.

A 340 fps crossbow would be smokin’ imo.

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It depends on the hunter's skills and the deer. If the hunter is in practice capable of making an accurate shot to the lungs, and the deer have not taken notice. It is an easy shot and harvest. If the deer has taken notice and is on alert it is better to stay still and wait for the deer to relax and go back to feeding or some other activity. If the deer is on alert at 40 yds even at 340fps it will not be there when the arrow arrives. The shot may cause injury to the deer and a slow painful death or permanent injury. With a crossbow, you will not have time for a follow-on shot.
 
I took this elk at 40 yards with a PSE compound that I don’t think shot much over 260 fps or so.

A 340 fps crossbow would be smokin’ imo.
I took this elk at 40 yards with a PSE compound that I don’t think shot much over 260 fps or so.

A 340 fps crossbow would be smokin’ imo.

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Sweet photos of a nice bull elk.
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I picked up a used Excalibur last year for late season. I am a recurve guy, but when the leaves come down, the shots get longer than my 20 yard limit.
I have the Exclibur bolts with 150 grain heads. I hope to try out some aluminum bolts made from XX75 2219 shafts with the same head for a bit more down range momentum. It should also help with bow noise. Preliminary tests show about 7" of drop at 40 compared to the carbon bolts but they do sink deeper into the target.
Like you, I think 40 is still a long way to shoot in the woods. Lots of unseen branches along the arc of the arrow.
 
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