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Waxing the bowstring is necessary for a number of reasons. First, under high magnification, the fiber make-up of the string is visually different from what you may think. Millions of extremely fine fibers going in many directions make up a single strand. The general flow is unidirectional lengthwise with a clockwise twist. All those millions of fibers need a lubricant between each other in order to not create friction or any other force to compromise their integrity. The more unidirectional fiber flow, the better the string. Regardless, the lubricant must be present. That is the reason for the wax. A barrier between fibers is always present yet also holds them together and their total strength is enhanced. With our high-tech world, wax is still the best material for this purpose.
Secondly, for much the same reasons, wax protects the string from the environment. Dirt, rain, clothing or any number of contaminants come into daily contact with the string. The wax forms an effective barrier protecting the string from these outside forces. If there is not enough wax present, the string may be receiving damage from many areas. These are internal as well as external.
With a proper waxing, the two factors described can be held to a minimum. But, there is also one more very important factor to consider for waxing your string. I call it a wax shampoo. This effectively cleans much of the foreign matter from your string and actually gives it a fresh, clean, new look. The following are the main easy steps to maintaining a clean and healthy string. Always use a soft cloth for the waxing process.
1. Use a good wax. I am not fond of waxes that leave a sticky texture. Ones which are just a little softer are good. You want to be able to easily spread the wax and rub it in everywhere. You don’t need to take the string off the bow. Just spread it on; rub it in; wipe off excess.
Do not heat the wax or string. All string materials are polymers and should not be heated. Rub only till you feel your hand become warm and no more.
2. For a wax shampoo, put your bow in a press, and put the limbs under pressure. Don’t do enough to remove the string; just enough to relax it. Spread the wax liberally on all exposed or stressed surfaces of the string. While relaxed, rub it through the string liberally and until your hand gets warm. When you have a lot of wax on your hand, you know you have a lot on your string. Take the pressure off the limbs and wipe off all the excess wax. Much of the dirt foreign material comes off in the cloth.
There you have it. It is not difficult or time consuming. With a little bit of effort, your string can actually last you a very long time. When you understand the mechanics of why these things should be, it seems only fitting to treat the world’s strongest fibers properly.
Good Luck . . . and Good Shooting.