I have noticed some self-bows take increased set as time and use goes by. But it sort of depends on the wood. My dad made a Sudbury bow out of mulberry that has taken zero set after almost 20 years.
Other than that, I think it depends on environment and storage conditions. The most famous example of a bow possibly deteriorating during storage is from the Odyssey, where Odysseus inspects his composite bow for signs of decay:
"Thereafter he came and sat down on the seat from which he had risen, and gazed upon Odysseus; now he was already handling the bow, turning it round and round, and trying it this way and that, lest worms might have eaten the horns"
Edit: I'd have to add that I know, from unfortunate personal experience, that compounds are immensely more fragile than traditional bows. In terms of the ratio of robust, reliable performance to time/money/effort in making, the ratio is embarassingly favorable to the trad bow.